Essay/Term paper: Washington irving and his works

Essay, term paper, research paper:  Research Papers

Washington Irving and His Works


Washington Irving was born on April 3, 1783 in Tarrytown, New York. His
father was a merchant and owned an import business. Irving had literary
influences early in his life. He was friends with Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel
Hawthorne, and Charles Dickens. Washington Irving had no formal schooling.
Instead, he taught himself by reading as many books as possible.
Washington Irving had other interests than just writing. Irving was an
inventor. He invented ice drinks and the dumb waiter. Irving was also an
entrepreneur. "Early in his life Irving planned to follow his father's
footsteps in the family business." (p. 187)
Irving had many writings in his literary career. His works include The
Sketchbook, A History of New York, The Devil and Tom Walker, and Rip Van Winkle.
Despite all of these well known works, Irving never won any awards. Irving's
short stories are The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and The Devil and Tom Walker.
The first semblance in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and The Devil and Tom
Walker is that nature proves to be a problem to the characters. In The Legend
of Sleepy Hollow, the hollow is the setting for fear in Icabod's tall tales.
Irving reflected on the dark setting many times in this story. "The swamp was
thickly grown with great gloomy pines and hemlocks." (Washington Irving. p. 57)
In The Devil and Tom Walker, the setting is portrayed in the same dark manner.
It is the forest where Tom Walker meets the Devil.
Another similarity in both of the "short stories" is that a supernatural
figure is the terror of each story. The supernatural being in The Legend of
Sleepy Hollow is the Headless Horsemen. To the people of Tarrytown, the story
of the Headless Horsemen is that he was a Hessian soldier that had his head shot
off by a cannon ball. The soldier rides around at midnight looking for his head.
"He glided through the night with a head upon his horn." (Washington Irving.
p. 123) The supernatural figure in The Devil and Tom Walker is the Devil.
The Devil lives in the forest in the darkest spot. In the times that this story
was written, people referred to the Devil as the "Black Man." The Devil tried
to get Tom to sifn his book and hand over his soul.
Another parallelism of The Devil and Tom Walker and The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow is that main characters in each story fear supernatural figures. In The
Legend of Sleepy Hollow Icabod is afraid of the Headless Horsemen. Icabod is
always looking over his shoulder in fear of the Hessian soldier. Icabod is
especially fearful at night in the forest. Icabod would also scare himself by
telling scary stories. "Icabod's fear grew from his own tales." (Washington
Irving, p.47) In The Devil and Tom Walker, Tom fears meeting the Devil in the
woods. The Devil tries to get Tom to give his soul to him but Tom battles his
fears and doesn't give in. Tom has heard of the stories about the Devil and
wanted to avoid him completely.
Both stories have similarities from the fear of nature, having
supernaturalism, or to the fear of the supernatural. Washington Irving uses
nature to create the feeling of fright in the Sleepy Hollow and to bring fear to
Tom Walker. Irving also presents the supernatural in both stories through the
Headless Horseman and the Devil. The fear of the supernatural in both stores is
evident between the Devil and Tom Walker and Icabod and the Headless Horsemen.
Washington Irving was a romantic writer who heavily relied on the supernatural.
He also use a lot of nature in his stories. Irving, who had no formal schooling,
relied on reading as a way of gaining knowledge. Reading many books in his life
may have influenced on of the most popular writers of all time.